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In the cold season, people can enjoy a warm and comfortable life without burning coal, gas, or electricity—this vision is becoming a reality. A joint research and demonstration project on shallow geothermal drilling technology, led by the School of Architecture and Engineering at Jilin University and Beijing Geological Engineering Company, has officially passed assessment and acceptance organized by the China Geological Survey. This breakthrough represents a major step forward in both theoretical research and practical application of shallow geothermal energy.
The project uses geothermal technology to extract efficient energy from underground rocks, soil, and groundwater, replacing traditional heating and cooling systems. Experts believe this innovation holds great practical value and offers broad prospects for the development and utilization of renewable, clean geothermal resources. The Earth itself is a vast energy reservoir, with 47% of solar radiation absorbed by the surface soil and water. At a certain depth, the temperature of water, soil, and rock remains relatively constant throughout the year. Even when the outside temperature drops to -20 or -30°C, the temperature just 5 meters below the surface remains around 8°C, creating a significant temperature difference that can be harnessed.
With scientific advancements, this temperature difference can be utilized using heat pump technology, similar to air conditioning systems. In many European and American countries, the use of shallow geothermal energy for building heating and cooling has already reached 30% or higher. Under the leadership of Professor Sun Youhong from Jilin University's Department of Architectural Engineering, researchers are conducting in-depth studies on the technical challenges of closed-loop ground-source heat pump systems.
Key areas of focus include optimizing the layout of pumping wells for water-source heat pumps, analyzing factors affecting irrigation volume, and studying temperature field changes within 100 meters of the underground test area. They have also developed a new efficient coaxial tube heat exchanger, analyzed the heat transfer process, and established a data physical model. Additionally, they have optimized the parameters of underground heat exchangers and the backfill materials used in well construction.
The real-time monitoring of the 206m² demonstration project provides a comprehensive platform for the research and application of shallow geothermal energy. This "free" green renewable energy is now being brought to the surface. It requires only a small amount of electricity to provide heating or cooling without pollution, reducing energy consumption by up to 50% compared to conventional air conditioners and doubling efficiency. So far, the technology has been applied across 46,000 square meters in Beijing, achieving excellent results.
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