Study to investigate health hazards for firefighters

Excerpts from Firehouse.com:

A multi-institutional research project is currently taking place at the Illinois Fire Service Institute (IFSI), where scientists are investigating not only the contaminants on firefighter gear but also how these substances might affect the skin. They’re also analyzing the gases released when furniture and carpets burn. This comprehensive study involves researchers from IFSI, UL, NIOSH, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and Skidmore College.

The study began with 12 Illinois firefighters and researchers. Each participant had blood drawn, their vitals and body temperature checked, and urine samples were tested for specific markers and hydration levels. They were also equipped with a heart-monitoring device that would track their condition for the next 12 hours.

Dr. Denise Smith explained that one of the key goals of the research is to understand the impact of firefighting on the cardiovascular system. “We talk about getting the rig back in service,” she said. “But how long does it actually take for a firefighter to recover? We’re looking at changes that occur even hours after they finish their shift.”

Each year, many firefighters don’t die on the fireground—they succumb to health complications hours or days after an incident. That’s why this study is so important.

To ensure accurate results, the firefighters wore brand-new gear to avoid contamination from previous use. They also carried small chemical collection units—about the size of a portable radio—in their coat pockets. After completing their tasks, these devices were removed and analyzed for traces of harmful substances.

UL and NIOSH engineers set up advanced equipment to monitor gas levels and heat inside rooms that would be exposed to fire and smoke. UL Research Engineer Robin Zevotek installed thermal sensors from floor to ceiling, spaced two feet apart in some areas and just one foot apart in others. He could track temperatures in real time using a nearby monitor.

In a hallway, sensors were placed at one, three, and five-foot heights. The lowest level represented where a victim might be found, while the higher levels simulated conditions firefighters would face when crawling or walking through smoke-filled spaces.

This ongoing study is shedding light on hidden dangers faced by firefighters and could lead to better protective measures in the future.

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